Simple Summary Immune mechanisms in insects include cellular and humoral defenses.
One of these cellular defense mechanisms is phagocytosis. The humoral defense …

Honey bee workers can lay eggs that result in viable males (drones). In queenless colonies,
workers activate their ovaries and lay eggs, both in their own colony and in other queenless …

Rebel workers develop from eggs laid by the previous queen, before it went swarming and
left the colony orphaned, until the emergence of a new queen. In contrast to normal workers …

Learning ability, which allows individuals to adjust their behaviour to changing
environmental conditions, has a considerable positive impact on individual fitness. However …

Simple Summary Communication in a colony of social insects, such as the honeybee, is
possible thanks to the pheromones secreted by all individuals. Pheromones are produced …

In eusocial Hymenoptera, the laying of male-determined eggs by workers in an unrelated
colony can be a powerful strategy for increasing direct fitness benefits. A recent study …

Ants coordinate social behaviors by relying on a well-developed chemical communication
system. Indeed, one of the most distinctive features of the ant genome is a highly expanded …

Social insect societies are characterized by a high level of organization. This is made
possible through a remarkably complex array of pheromonal signals produced by all …