Conventional heat treatment is not capable of converting a sufficient amount of retained
austenite into martensite in high-carbon or high-carbon and high-alloyed iron alloys …

The impact of both the laser directed energy deposition (DED) process parameters and post-
deposition heat-treatment cycles on the microstructural characteristics and hardness are …

ABSTRACT AISI H13 hot-work die steel has proved to be a promising material for hot work
die making. Still, there are challenges in using H13 steel, with an impressive advancement …

The cryogenic treatment, known as holding materials at sub-zero temperatures, is a method
used to improve the properties of metal and non-metallic materials in recent years. This …

In this study, the surfaces of M2 and D2 tool steels were modified using friction stir
processing (FSP). The microstructure, hardness, corrosion and wear resistances of M2 and …

Grinding generates a lot of heat in the grinding zone area during operation. Therefore, it is
important to keep the temperature under control by using various cutting fluids to get a good …

This study investigates the wear micromechanisms of D2 steels under impact-sliding
conditions, offering insights into their performance when used in applications such as …

The Vanadis® 8 is a tool steel used in the manufacture of dies, punches and tools. It has a
high carbon content combined with chromium, molybdenum and vanadium, and presents …

This paper describes experimental studies that were carried out to assess the enhancement
in grinding productivity of AISI D2 tool steel by adopting the ultrasonic vibration-assisted dry …

A promising process with the concept of 'green, efficient and economic'was carried out to
produce a typical AISI D2 tool steel through curved continuous casting (C3). This study aims …