Methane (CH4) is produced in many natural systems that are vulnerable to change under a
warming climate, yet current CH4 budgets, as well as future shifts in CH4 emissions, have …

Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) lipids are membrane lipids which were long
thought to be synthesized mainly by archaea, organisms thought to be limited to extreme …

Abstract The Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) was a global warming event
of 5–6° C around 56 million years ago caused by input of carbon into the ocean and …

Ocean acidification may have severe consequences for marine ecosystems; however,
assessing its future impact is difficult because laboratory experiments and field observations …

Cenozoic temperature, sea level and CO2 covariations provide insights into climate
sensitivity to external forcings and sea-level sensitivity to climate change. Climate sensitivity …

During the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM),∼ 56 Mya, thousands of
petagrams of carbon were released into the ocean-atmosphere system with attendant …

The early Eocene (56 to 48 million years ago) is inferred to have been the most recent time
that Earth's atmospheric CO 2 concentrations exceeded 1000 ppm. Global mean …

Carbon release rates from anthropogenic sources reached a record high of∼ 10 Pg C yr− 1
in 2014. Geologic analogues from past transient climate changes could provide invaluable …

Dissolved oxygen (O2) is essential for most ocean ecosystems, fuelling organisms'
respiration and facilitating the cycling of carbon and nutrients. Oxygen measurements have …

The Early Eocene, a period of elevated atmospheric CO2 (> 1000 ppmv), is considered an
analog for future climate. Previous modeling attempts have been unable to reproduce major …