Methods are described for working with Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae in the field and
in the laboratory. For fieldwork, different sampling methods are described to determine …

Bees have been managed and utilised for honey production for centuries and, more
recently, pollination services. Since the mid 20th Century, the use and production of …

Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are constantly exposed to a wide variety of environmental
stressors such as parasites and pesticides. Among them, Nosema ceranae and neurotoxic …

In Italy a nation-wide monitoring network was established in 2009 in response to significant
honey bee colony mortality reported during 2008. The network comprised of approximately …

Due to its multifunctional and complex role in the honey bee colony functioning and health
(construction material allowing food storage, brood rearing, thermoregulation, mediation in …

Honeybee populations have locally and temporally declined in the last few years because of
both biotic and abiotic factors. Among the latter, one of the most important reasons is …

Fumagillin is a potent fungal metabolite first isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus. It is widely
used in apiculture and human medicine against a variety of microsporidian fungal infections …

Nosema ceranae causes a widespread disease that reduces honey bee health but is only
thought to infect adult honey bees, not larvae, a critical life stage. We reared honey bee …

Abstract The Western honey bee Apis mellifera, which provides about 90% of commercial
pollination, is under threat from diverse abiotic and biotic factors. The ectoparasitic mite …

Abstract The microsporidian Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae is one of the most common
parasites of the honeybee. A single honeybee carries many parasites and therefore multiple …