A fully fledged neuroscience of personality is beginning to emerge, shaped and guided in
large measure by the seminal work of Jeffrey A. Gray over a period of 40 years. In this …

Fear and anxiety are poorly delineated in much of the clinical and research literatures.
Although some theorists and researchers have posited explanations for how trait fear and …

We report the development and validation of a questionnaire measure of the revised
reinforcement sensitivity theory (rRST) of personality. Starting with qualitative responses to …

Entropy, a concept derived from thermodynamics and information theory, describes the
amount of uncertainty and disorder within a system. Self-organizing systems engage in a …

It has been observed that men and women show performance differences in the Iowa
Gambling Task (IGT), a task of decision-making in which subjects through exploration learn …

The plus-maze, the light–dark box and the open-field are the main current tests of
unconditioned anxiety for mice and rats. Despite their disappointing achievements, they …

Personality is strongly influenced by motivation systems that organise responses to rewards
and punishments and that drive approach and avoidance behavior. Neuropsychological …

Four studies were conducted with two primary objectives:(a) to conceptualize and measure
mental toughness from a behavioral perspective and (b) to apply relevant personality theory …

Abstract Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) posits that individual differences in reward
and punishment processing predict differences in cognition, behavior, and psychopathology …

The initial use of illicit drugs and alcohol typically occurs during adolescence. Individual
differences in impulsivity and related constructs are consistently identified as key factors in …