The interactions of plants with environment and insects are bi-directional and dynamic.
Consequently, a myriad of mechanisms has evolved to engage organisms in different types …

The rising population is increasing food demand, yet actual crop production is limited by the
poor efficiency of classical fertilizers. In particular, only about 40–60% of fertilizer nitrogen …

Each year, 20%–40% of crops are lost due to plant pests and pathogens. Existing plant
disease management relies predominantly on toxic pesticides that are potentially harmful to …

Pesticides are commonly used in modern agriculture and are important for global food
security. However, postapplication losses due to degradation, photolysis, evaporation …

Huge amounts of chitin and chitosans can be found in the biosphere as important
constituents of the exoskeleton of many organisms and as waste by worldwide seafood …

Chitosan is a cationic natural polysaccharide, which has emerged as an increasingly
interesting biomaterialover the past few years. It constitutes a novel perspective in drug …

Nanotechnology-enabled fertilizers and pesticides, especially those capable of releasing
plant nutrients or pesticide active ingredients (AIs) in a controlled manner, can effectively …

Nowadays, nano/micro-encapsulation as a pioneering technique may significantly improve
the bioavailability and durability of Natural bioactives. For this purpose, chitosan as a …

Gums, which for the most part are water-soluble polysaccharides, can interact with water to
form viscous solutions, emulsions or gels. Their desirable properties, such as flexibility …

Polymeric nanoparticles represent one major class of nanomaterials that has been
proposed to improve the sustainability of agricultural operations by delivering organic …