The members of the Tear Film Subcommittee reviewed the role of the tear film in dry eye
disease (DED). The Subcommittee reviewed biophysical and biochemical aspects of tears …

The precorneal tear film is a complex mixture of proteins, lipids, metabolites, and electrolytes
with different structures and functionalities. Sustainable production of each tear component …

Tear film lipid layer (TFLL) stabilizes the air/tear surface of the human eye. Meibomian gland
dysfunction (MGD) resulting in quantitative and qualitative modifications of TFLL major (> …

Meibum is a lipid-rich secretion that is produced by fully differentiated meibocytes in the
holocrine Meibomian glands (MG) of humans and most mammals. The secretion is a part of …

The triterpene squalene is a natural compound that has demonstrated an extraordinary
diversity of uses in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and personal care industries. Emboldened …

Introduction: The development of ophthalmic formulations able to deliver hydrophilic and
hydrophobic drugs to the inner structures of the eye and restore the preocular tear film has …

Topical eyedrop application is the preferred route for drug delivery to anterior segment
tissues; however, the challenge of overcoming the eye's anatomical and physiological …

Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) is a powerful technique that allows for real-time
visualization of Langmuir monolayers. The lateral organization of these films can be …

Lens and tear film lipids are as unique as the systems they reside in. The major lipid of the
human lens is dihydrosphingomylein, found in quantity only in the lens. The lens contains a …

Tear film breakup (BU) is an important aspect of dry eye disease, as a cause of ocular
aberrations, irritation and ocular surface inflammation and disorder. Additionally …