Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the most widely distributed persistent
organic pollutants (POPs) in the environmental media. PAHs have been widely concerned …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are thought to have effects on T-cell function and
proliferation. Low concentrations of ROS in T cells are a prerequisite for cell survival, and …

Purpose: The molecular epidemiology of most EGFR and KRAS mutations in lung cancer
remains unclear. Experimental Design: We genotyped 3,026 lung adenocarcinomas for the …

Sex is a biological concept determined at conception. Gender is a social concept. Medicine
recognises sex as a biological variable and recommends including sex as a factor in clinical …

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants. Urinary
concentrations of mono-hydroxylated metabolites of PAHs (OH-PAHs) have been used as …

Two highly prevalent pulmonary diseases, lung cancer and chronic obstructive lung disease
(COPD), show both sex and gender differences in their presentations and outcomes. Sex …

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide in women and
men. In incidence, lung cancer ranks second, surpassed by breast cancer in women and …

Many epidemiological studies from all over the world have reported that populations of rural
and urban environments differ in their health issues due to the differences in the countrywide …

There is growing evidence that a number of pulmonary diseases affect women differently
and with a greater degree of severity than men. The causes for such sex disparity is the …

Tobacco use is an established risk factor for the development of several cancers; however,
far less work has been done to understand the effects of continued smoking on cancer …