The injection of gas and chemical agents during steam flooding is beneficial for enhancing
the thermal recovery of heavy oil. However, the complex emulsification and flow mechanism …

The molecular distribution of the oil–water interface has an important effect on the efficiency
of water–oil displacement. However, challenges persist with interfacial thickness and …

Axisymmetric liquid-fluid interface (ALFI) and axisymmetric drop shape analysis (ADSA) are
the methods used in surface phenomena investigations. A photographed contour of a drop …

Surface tension is a meaningful parameter influencing boiling and condensation in
macroscopic scale, in confined spaces, or for nanofluids; it further affects boiling with …

The highest effectiveness of heat exchange is under boiling; hence, surface tension is an
important parameter and should be determined when new liquid substances are created …

Axisymmetric flow around a bubble rising in a 3D fluid has been studied intensively both
numerically and experimentally over the years, but in the high Reynolds number regime, no …

Removing the high amounts of heat from the small surface areas commenced with the
increasing effectiveness of the electronic processors, and it is also necessary in other …