Fecal source tracking is used because standard methods of measuring fecal contamination
in water by enumerating fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) do not identify the sources of the …

Enterococci are found in high concentrations in human feces, usually between 104 and 106
bacteria per gram wet weight (Layton, Walters, Lam, & Boehm, 2010; Slanetz & Bartley …

Although water constitutes 71% of the earth's surface, only 0.3% of it is available as fresh
water for human use. Moreover, the quality of fresh water in ground and surface systems is …

Expanding water reuse-the use of treated wastewater for beneficial purposes including
irrigation, industrial uses, and drinking water augmentation-could significantly increase the …

Noroviruses, an important cause of gastroenteritis, are excreted by infected individuals and
are therefore present in wastewater. We quantified norovirus genogroup I (GI) and GII in …

The application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques for the identification of
viruses present in urban sewage has not been fully explored. This is partially due to a lack of …

Increasing interest of seeking substitutable water resources accrues from shortage of
freshwater. One of the options considered is reclaimed water (also designated as recycled …

Foodborne enteric viruses, in particular HuNoV and HAV, are the most common cause of the
berry-linked viral diseases, and outbreaks around the world, and have become an important …

A reliable indicator is needed to predict and reduce the risk of infection associated with fecal
contamination of surface water. Since Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), human …

The PubMed and ScienceDirect bibliographic databases were searched for the period of
1998–2009 to evaluate the impact of climatic and environmental determinants on food-and …