The last ten years of attention research have witnessed a revolution, replacing a theoretical
dichotomy (top-down vs. bottom-up control) with a trichotomy (biased by current goals …

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a critical role in the generation and regulation of emotion.
However, we lack an integrative framework for understanding how different emotion-related …

Visual attention enables us to selectively prioritize or suppress information in the
environment. Prominent models concerned with the control of visual attention differentiate …

Highlights•Numerous neurocognitive factors contribute to sustained attention.•Attention
fluctuates alongside shifting arousal, effort, and resource allocation.•An information …

Cognitive control is subjectively costly, suggesting that engagement is modulated in
relationship to incentive state. Dopamine appears to play key roles. In particular, dopamine …

Over the past 20 years there has been an increasing number of brain imaging studies on the
mechanisms underlying reward motivation in humans. This narrative review describes …

Many different situations related to self control involve competition between two routes to
decisions: default and frugal versus more resource-intensive. Examples include habits …

Highlights•Motivation may have a preferential impact on proactive cognitive control
mechanisms.•Dopamine signals may enhance control by modulating prefrontal task …

Cognitive control relies on distributed and potentially high-dimensional frontoparietal task
representations. Yet, the classical cognitive neuroscience approach in this domain has …

A hallmark of adaptation in humans and other animals is our ability to control how we think
and behave across different settings. Research has characterized the various forms …