Worldwide, the effects of metal and metalloid toxicity are increasing, mainly due to
anthropogenic causes. Soil contamination ranks among the most important factors, since it …

Aluminum (Al) is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust, but its availability depends on
soil pH. Despite this abundance, Al is not considered an essential element and so far no …

Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Root system
architecture (RSA) affects a plant's ability to obtain phosphate, the major form of phosphorus …

Rapid industrialization, modern agricultural practices and other anthropogenic activities add
a significant quantity of toxic heavy metals into the environment, which induces severe toxic …

Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acid soils is a significant limitation to crop production worldwide, as
approximately 50% of the world's potentially arable soil is acidic. Because acid soils are …

How horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has contributed to the evolution of animals and plants
remains a major puzzle. Despite recent progress, defining the overall scale and pattern of …

Aluminum (Al) precipitates in acidic soils having a pH< 5.5, in the form of conjugated organic
and inorganic ions. Al-containing minerals solubilized in the soil solution cause several …

Terrestrial plants have two to four times more ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes
than other organisms, including their ancestral microalgae. Recent studies found that plants …

Aluminium (Al) toxicity is one of the major abiotic stress problems around the globe where
acidic soil is present. Al shows a toxic effect between the soil pH 4.5 and 5.5. Root growth …

ABC transporters constitute one of the largest protein families found in all living organisms.
ABC transporters are driven by ATP hydrolysis and can act as exporters as well as …