Research in microgravity is indispensable to disclose the impact of gravity on biological
processes and organisms. However, research in the near-Earth orbit is severely constrained …

Life on Earth has evolved under the influence of gravity. This force has played an important
role in shaping development and morphology from the molecular level to the whole …

Spaceflight-induced changes in astronaut telomeres have garnered significant attention in
recent years. While plants represent an essential component of future long-duration space …

This article briefly reviews the fidelity of ground-based methods used to simulate human
existence in weightlessness (spaceflight). These methods include horizontal bed rest (BR) …

Spaceflight microgravity and modeled-microgravity analogs (MMA) broadly alter gene
expression and physiology in both pathogens and plants. Research elucidating plant and …

It has always been a desire of mankind to conquest Space. A major step in realizing this
dream was the completion of the International Space Station (ISS). Living there for several …

Premise Plants synthesize information from multiple environmental stimuli when determining
their direction of growth. Gravity, being ubiquitous on Earth, plays a major role in …

Microorganisms perform countless tasks on Earth and they are expected to be essential for
human space exploration. Despite the interest in the responses of bacteria to space …

Background Arabidopsis plants were grown on the International Space Station within
specialized hardware that combined a plant growth habitat with a camera system that can …

Tropisms are growth-mediated plant movements that help plants to respond to changes in
environmental stimuli. The availability of water and light, as well as the presence of a …