This paper presents a literature review of research undertaken on the out-of-plane
behaviour of masonry infilled frames. This paper also discusses the effects of bidirectional …

Although the issue of the out-of-plane response of unreinforced masonry structures under
earthquake excitation is well known with consensus among the research community, this …

In structural analyses, masonry infill walls are commonly considered to be non structural
elements. However, the response of reinforced concrete buildings to earthquake loads can …

Numerous structures uplift under the influence of strong ground motion. Although many
researchers have investigated the effects of base uplift on very stiff (ideally rigid) structures …

Damage observations from recent seismic events have confirmed that the activation of out-of-
plane local mechanisms is one of the major causes of structural collapse in unreinforced …

Abstract Out-of-plane (OOP) mechanisms are one of the major causes of structural collapse
in unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings as observed in recent as well as past seismic …

This standard remains available, but an updated version has been published here.
Sponsored by the Structural Engineering Institute of ASCE Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit …

Six full-scale unreinforced masonry (URM) walls were built and tested to studythe post-
cracking out-of-plane behavior of walls in the upper two or three stories of URM buildings …

Existing unreinforced masonry buildings frequently suffer out-of-plane local collapse
mechanisms when undergoing earthquake ground motion. The energy damping that occurs …

Abstract The use of Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) shotcrete and near surface
mounted steel reinforcing bars as a seismic strengthening intervention for unreinforced …