The lifelong health of an individual is shaped during critical periods of development. The
fetus is particularly susceptible to internal and external stimuli, many of which can alter …

Early life stress (ELS) induces long-term phenotypic adaptations that contribute to increased
vulnerability to a host of neuropsychiatric disorders. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA …

In mammals, fertilization occurs via a comprehensive progression of events. Freshly
ejaculated sperm have yet to acquire progressive motility or fertilization ability. They must …

A combination of different risk factors, such as genetic, environmental and psychological
factors, together with immune system, stress response, brain neuroplasticity and the …

Psychosocial stress triggers a set of behavioral, neural, hormonal, and molecular responses
that can be a driving force for survival when adaptive and time-limited, but may also …

MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that participate in different biological processes,
providing subtle combinational regulation of cellular pathways, often by regulating …

It is well established that the regulation of epigenetic factors, including chromatic
reorganization, histone modifications, DNA methylation, and miRNA regulation, is critical for …

Psychiatric disorders are complex multifactorial illnesses involving chronic alterations in
neural circuit structure and function. While genetic factors are important in the etiology of …

Rapidly growing evidences link maternal lifestyle and prenatal factors with serious health
consequences and diseases later in life. Extensive epidemiological studies have identified a …

Abstract Purpose of Review While genetic factors are a major etiological contributor to
autism spectrum disorder (ASD), evidence also supports a role for environmental factors …