Diverse invertebrate species have been used for studies of learning and comparative
cognition. Although we have gained invaluable information from this, in this study we argue …

This review describes the advantages of adopting a molluscan complementary model, the
freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis, to study the neural basis of learning and memory in …

The brains of animals show chemical, anatomical, and functional differences, such as
dopamine production and structure of sleep, between Amniota and older groups. In addition …

The purpose of this review is to illustrate how a reductionistic, but sophisticated, approach
based on the use of a simple model system such as the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis (L …

The pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis is an excellent model system in which to study the
neuronal and molecular substrates of associative learning and its consolidation into long …

Simple Summary Insulin and insulin-like peptides are involved in improving learning and
memory in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Adiponectin has blood glucose-lowering and …

Extensive work has been done on the metacognitive capacities of humans, as well as to
investigate metacognitive processes in nonhuman animals. What we propose here …

The pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis is capable of learning by both classical conditioning and
operant conditioning. Although operant conditioning related to escape behavior with …

Dudai (1990) described that an ideal subject for studying the cellular and molecular bases of
learning should, probably, have ten large nerve cells, ten genes, a generation time of 1 …

In the majority of studies designed to elucidate the causal mechanisms of memory formation,
certain members of the experimental cohort, even though subjected to exactly the same …