I. Executive Summary Background The 5 years since the publication of the first International
Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed …

Ageing and age-related diseases share some basic mechanistic pillars that largely
converge on inflammation. During ageing, chronic, sterile, low-grade inflammation—called …

Coronaviruses are adept at evading host antiviral pathways induced by viral double-
stranded RNA, including interferon (IFN) signaling, oligoadenylate synthetase–ribonuclease …

The human upper respiratory tract (URT) offers a variety of niches for microbial colonization.
Local microbial communities are shaped by the different characteristics of the specific …

Tuft cells are rare, secretory epithelial cells that generated scant immunological interest until
contemporaneous reports in 2016 linked tuft cells with type 2 immunity in the small intestine …

Olfactory and taste receptors are expressed primarily in the nasal olfactory epithelium and
gustatory taste bud cells, where they transmit real-time sensory signals to the brain …

In the environment bacteria share their habitat with a great diversity of organisms, from
microbes to humans, animals and plants. In these complex communities, the production of …

The nasal epithelium is the initial entry portal and primary barrier to infection by all human
coronaviruses (HCoVs). We utilize primary human nasal epithelial cells grown at air–liquid …

Tuft cells—rare solitary chemosensory cells in mucosal epithelia—are undergoing intense
scientific scrutiny fueled by recent discovery of unsuspected connections to type 2 immunity …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 has caused millions of
deaths since its emergence in 2019. Innate immune antagonism by lethal CoVs such as …