Artificial intelligence (AI) comprises various sub-fields, including machine learning (ML) and
deep learning (DL) perform a key role in the transformation of many industries, including …

Predicting student performance automatically is of utmost importance, due to the substantial
volume of data within educational databases. Educational data mining (EDM) devises …

In cognitive science, the term confusion is used to capture the decline in learners' cognitive
ability, which affects their ability to think, solve a problem, learn and understand. Unlike …

The measurement of electrical activity in the brain, known as Electroencephalogram (EEG),
is a common non-invasive diagnostic method used to detect neurological disorders and …

Machine Learning (ML) and Optimization techniques are considered two distinct fields of
study in Computer Science. However, with the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence …

Confusion emotion in a learning environment can motivate the learner, but prolonged
confusion hinders the learning process. Recognizing confused learners is possible; …

This study explored the impact of confusion on concentration and cognition, emphasizing
the importance of detecting and preventing confusion from enhancing learning outcomes. By …

Epileptic seizures, unpredictable in nature and potentially dangerous during activities like
driving, pose significant risks to individual and public safety. Traditional diagnostic methods …

Developing tools to support students, educators, intuitions, and government in the
educational environment has become an important task to improve the quality of education …

Thyroid disease presents a significant health risk, lowering the quality of life and increasing
treatment costs. The diagnosis of thyroid disease can be challenging, especially for …