All light has structure, but only recently has it been possible to control it in all its degrees of
freedom and dimensions, fuelling fundamental advances and applications alike. Here we …

Despite their widespread use for performing advanced computational tasks, digital signal
processors suffer from several restrictions, including low speed, high power consumption …

Adaptive optics (AO) is a technique that corrects for optical aberrations. It was originally
proposed to correct for the blurring effect of atmospheric turbulence on images in ground …

The main obstacle for optical imaging or for sending information through turbid media such
as paint, clouds and biological tissue is the random scattering of light. Owing to its immense …

Time reflection is a uniform inversion of the temporal evolution of a signal, which arises
when an abrupt change in the properties of the host material occurs uniformly in space. At …

This Roadmap article on digital holography provides an overview of a vast array of research
activities in the field of digital holography. The paper consists of a series of 25 sections from …

Imaging can take many forms—from optical microscopes and telescopes through
ultrasonography to X-ray tomography. However, regardless of the imaging modality, the …

Disorder, which qualitatively describes some measure of irregularities in spatial patterns, is
ubiquitous in many-body systems, equilibrium and non-equilibrium states of matter, network …

The last decade has seen the development of a wide set of tools, such as wavefront
shaping, computational or fundamental methods, that allow us to understand and control …

Medical microrobots (MRs) have been demonstrated for a variety of non-invasive biomedical
applications, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, and assisted fertilization, among …