Summary 1 Contests may involve injurious fighting, other types of direct physical aggression
and communication. They occur over ownership access to mates and other resources that …

We propose a practical concept that distinguishes the particular kind of weaponry that has
evolved to be used in combat between individuals of the same species and sex, which we …

The pace of phenotypic diversification during adaptive radiation should decrease as
ecological opportunity declines. We test this prediction using phylogenetic comparative …

Sexual selection operates by acting on variation in mating success. However, since
selection acts on whole‐organism manifestations (ie, performance) of underlying …

For almost 40 years, studies of whole-organism performance have formed a cornerstone of
evolutionary physiology. Although its utility as a heuristic guide is beyond question, and we …

1. Morphological characteristics (snout-vent length, badge area, mass, limb and head
measures) and whole-animal performance capacities (sprint speed, acceleration capacity …

A large number of sexual selection studies have focused on examining the morphological
and behavioural factors involved in male combat and female choice, such as whether large …

Measurements of whole-organism performance traits have been useful in studies of
adaptation and phenotype–environment correlations. Bite force capacities may be tightly …

The study of allometric and size scaling relationships is well developed in most biological
fields, but lags behind in the area of animal behavior. Part of the reason for this deficit is that …

An external fundamental system (EFS) is a form of bone microstructure present in the
outermost cortex of long bones in animals that have attained skeletal maturity. It indicates an …