The tryptophan (TRP)-kynurenine (KYN) metabolic pathway is a main player of TRP
metabolism through which more than 95% of TRP is catabolized. The pathway is activated …

Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised
by deficits in social communication and restricted or repetitive behaviours. The clinical …

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in communication and
social skills as well as repetitive and stereotypical behaviors. While much effort has focused …

Increasing evidence points to a central role for immune dysregulation in autism spectrum
disorder (ASD). Several ASD risk genes encode components of the immune system and …

Immune molecules such as cytokines and chemokines and the cells that produce them
within the brain, notably microglia, are critical for normal brain development. This recognition …

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent deficits in social
communication and interaction and restricted-repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or …

The gut microbiome has a tremendous influence on human physiology, including the
nervous system. During fetal development, the initial colonization of the microbiome …

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of heterogeneous neurological disorders that
are highly variable and are clinically characterized by deficits in social interactions …

Over half of all children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have gastrointestinal (GI) co-
morbidities including chronic constipation, diarrhea, and irritable bowel syndrome. The …

Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) occur in 1.5% of the general population
worldwide. Studies suggest that ASD might have more costs than diabetes and attention …