Introduction With an annual increase of 16000 new cases each year, oral cancer is the
second most common cancer in Pakistan. There is conflicting evidence regarding the …

Background: The nicotine products relative risk assessment estimates the relative risk of
tobacco-related diseases due to use of 15 nicotine products. This update adds new data to …

Chronic exposure to heavy metals has long been recognized as being capable to increase
head and neck cancer incidence among exposed human populations. Head and neck …

The bacterial communities present in smokeless tobacco (ST) products have not previously
reported. In this study, we used Next Generation Sequencing to study the bacteria present in …

Background There is limited information about the hazards of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco
and waterpipe in the Middle East. The aim of this study was to determine the association …

This study aimed to assess the concentrations of heavy metal ('lead (Pb)''cadmium (Cd)', and
'chromium (Cr)') in various brands of four types of tobacco products (zarda, gul, cigarettes …

In the wake of smokeless tobacco (SLT) being advocated as a mean of tobacco harm
reduction, it is pertinent to establish individual health risks associated with each SLT …

Materials and Methods: The present study analyzed the constituency of microbial
communities in 7 different smokeless Tobacco products including four chewable (T1_CW to …

Use of smokeless tobacco products (STPs) is associated with oral cavity cancer and other
health risks. Comprehensive analysis for chemical composition and toxicity is needed to …

Background: The abrupt rise of colorectal cancer in developing countries is raising concern
in healthcare settings. Studies on assessing relationships with modifiable and non …