Three important factors, including genetics, environment factors and autoimmunity play a
role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The heritability of RA has been …

The “Bermuda triangle” of genetics, environment and autoimmunity is involved in the
pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Various aspects of genetic contribution to the …

Increasingly, assays for the detection of anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) are
used in RA diagnosis. This review summarizes the biologic basis and development of ACPA …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder which is associated
with the dysregulation of autoimmune response. In recent years, early diagnosis, aggressive …

Anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA) have recently emerged as sensitive and
specific serological markers of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), providing superior alternative of the …

Abstract l‐citrulline is a naturally occurring non‐essential amino acid, an intermediate in
urea cycle and conditionally essential in intestinal pathology. It is a potent hydroxyl radical …

Extracellular DNA may serve as marker in liquid biopsies to determine individual diagnosis
and prognosis in cancer patients. Cell death or active release from various cell types …

Introduction: Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is an enzyme that plays an important role
in gene expression, turning out genetic code into functional products in the body. It is …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease influenced by both
genetic and environmental factors. At present, rodent models are primarily used to study the …

Conversion of arginine into citrulline is a post‐translational modification that is observed in
normal physiological processes. However, abnormal citrullination can provoke autoimmunity …