Feed is one of the most important external signals in fish that stimulates its feeding behavior
and growth. The intake of feed is the main factor determining efficiency and cost, maximizing …

The heart is a highly structured organ consisting of different cell types, including myocytes,
endothelial cells, fibroblasts, stem cells, and inflammatory cells. This pluricellularity provides …

Abstract The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of
the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an …

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is a complex network that regulates blood pressure,
electrolyte and fluid homeostasis, as well as the function of several organs. Angiotensin …

Excess adiposity can induce adverse sequelae in multiple cell types and organ systems.
The transition from the lean to the obese state is characterized by fundamental cellular …

Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes; molecular mechanisms
that promote energy expenditure can be utilized for effective therapy. Src-associated in …

A gene encoding a novel class a G-protein-coupled receptor was discovered in 1993 by
homology cloning and was called APJ. It was designated an “orphan” receptor until 1998 …

Apelin receptor (APJR) is a key regulator of human cardiovascular function and is activated
by two different endogenous peptide ligands, apelin and Elabela, each with different …

Adipokines are peptides that signal the functional status of adipose tissue to the brain and
other target organs. In adipose tissue dysfunction, adipokine secretion is altered, and this …

Nowadays, obesity is considered as a serious and growing global health problem. It is
documented that the overweight and obesity are major risk factors for a series of …