The ability to track gonadal function is facilitated by the use of endocrine and ultrasound
techniques, both of which are important tools for optimizing reproduction and ensuring …

The ability to serially collect blood samples and conduct ultrasound examinations in Asian
and African elephants has provided unique opportunities to study the biology of these …

Ensuring good health and welfare is an increasingly important consideration for
conservation of endangered species and includes breeding of individuals managed under …

In the context of reproduction, glucocorticoids (GCs) are generally considered to have
negative effects. However, in well-studied model species, GCs fluctuate predictability across …

Prolonged or frequent secretion of adrenal glucocorticoids in response to aversive stimuli
can negatively impact reproduction. Because female southern white rhinoceros …

Coping with stressors can require substantial energetic investment, and when resources are
limited, such investment can preclude simultaneous expenditure on other biological …

Simple Summary Regular training for medical or enrichment purposes and the provision of
environmental enrichment, such as varied feeding schedules and novel objects, are part of …

Abstract Background In southern Africa, various options to manage elephant populations are
being considered. Immunocontraception is considered to be the most ethically acceptable …

Slowly reproducing and long-lived terrestrial mammals are often more at risk from
challenges that influence fitness and survival. It is, therefore, important to understand how …

As a first step towards investigating the effect of management choice–free contact (FC) or
protected contact (PC)–on zoo elephant well-being, this study evaluated serum cortisol …