Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide. Its
incidence is increasing because the population ages. In addition, more young people are …

Despite many years of research, no biomarkers for stroke are available to use in clinical
practice. Progress in high-throughput technologies has provided new opportunities to …

The term embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) was introduced in 2014 to describe
patients with a nonlacunar ischemic stroke and no convincing etiology. The terms ESUS and …

Cardiac thromboembolism attributed to atrial fibrillation (AF) is responsible for up to one-
third of ischemic strokes. Stroke may be the first manifestation of previously undetected AF …

The management of patients with stroke is often multidisciplinary, involving various
specialties and healthcare professionals. Given the common shared risk factors for stroke …

Background and Purpose—Stroke diagnosis could be challenging in the acute phase. We
aimed to develop a blood-based diagnostic tool to differentiate between real strokes and …

Biomarkers are objective indicators used to assess normal or pathological processes,
evaluate responses to treatment and predict outcomes. Many blood biomarkers already …

Clinically recognized atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with higher risk of complications,
including ischemic stroke, cognitive decline, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and death. It …

Background and Purpose—Emboli in embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) may
originate from various potential embolic sources (PES), some of which may respond better to …

Background Epileptic seizures (ES) lead to alterations in the blood laboratory values and
reflect changes in different organ systems. Here, we review the diagnostic and prognostic …