Background Despite evidence from twin and family studies for an important contribution of
genetic factors to both childhood and adult onset psychiatric disorders, identifying robustly …

Major efforts have been directed at family-based association and case–control studies to
identify the involvement of candidate genes in the major disorders of mental health. What …

Anxiety disorders (ADs), namely generalized AD, panic disorder and phobias, are common,
etiologically complex conditions with a partially genetic basis. Despite differing on diagnostic …

Importance Anxiety and stress-related disorders are among the most common mental
disorders. Although family and twin studies indicate that both genetic and environmental …

Objectives: Biomarkers are defined as anatomical, biochemical or physiological traits that
are specific to certain disorders or syndromes. The objective of this paper is to summarise …

This review provides a broad overview of the state of research in the genetics of anxiety
disorders (AD). Genetic epidemiological studies report a moderate level of familial …

Panic disorder (PD) has a lifetime prevalence of 2–4% and heritability estimates of 40%. The
contributory genetic variants remain largely unknown, with few and inconsistent loci having …

Objectives To investigate whether associations of smoking with depression and anxiety are
likely to be causal, using a Mendelian randomisation approach. Design Mendelian …

Anxiety disorders are among the most common psychiatric disorders worldwide. They often
onset early in life, with symptoms and consequences that can persist for decades. This …

The utilization of molecular genetics approaches in examination of panic disorder (PD) has
implicated several variants as potential susceptibility factors for panicogenesis. However …