Recent advances indicate that periodontitis is driven by reciprocally reinforced interactions
between a dysbiotic microbiome and dysregulated inflammation. Inflammation is not only a …

Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in the circulation, and have been regarded as
first line of defense in the innate arm of the immune system. They capture and destroy …

Periodontitis is a complex disease:(a) various causative factors play a role simultaneously
and interact with each other; and (b) the disease is episodic in nature, and bursts of disease …

T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell
development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and …

Immune response in the asthmatic respiratory tract is mainly driven by CD4+ T helper (Th)
cells, represented by Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, especially Th2 cells. Asthma is a …

With the global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus steeply rising, instances of chronic,
hard-healing, or non-healing diabetic wounds and ulcers are predicted to increase. The …

Chemokine receptor CCR6 is expressed on various cells such as B cells, immature dendritic
cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), regulatory CD4 T cells, and Th17 cells. CCL20 is the only …

Interferon gamma (IFNγ) is a key moderator of cell-mediated immunity with diverse, mainly
pro-inflammatory actions on immunocytes and target tissue. Recent studies have shown it …

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. While the local infiltration of
eosinophils and mast cells, and their role in the disease have long been recognized …

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still unclear. Immune dysfunction
may play a key role in the pathogenesis of IBD, in which the role of CD4+ T helper (Th) cells …