The classic view portrays Parkinson disease (PD) as a motor disorder resulting from loss of
substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons. Multiple studies, however, describe …

A diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is classically established after the manifestation of motor
symptoms such as rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremor. However, a growing body of evidence …

Background Several publications have described differences in cross-sectional
comparisons of gut microbiota between patients with Parkinson's disease and control …

Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with neuropathological changes in
olfactory and gastrointestinal tissues, and PD patients frequently suffer from hyposmia …

Importance Deutetrabenazine is a novel molecule containing deuterium, which attenuates
CYP2D6 metabolism and increases active metabolite half-lives and may therefore lead to …

Background: Oral microbiota has largely escaped attention in Parkinson's disease (PD),
despite its pivotal role in maintaining oral and systemic health. Objective: The aim of our …

Upper and lower gastrointestinal dysautonomia symptoms (GIDS)—sialorrhea, dysphagia,
and constipation are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and often socially as well as …

A significant number of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience sialorrhea. This
problem can cause social embarrassment, and because saliva pools in the mouth, may lead …

Many individuals with neurological problems or anatomical abnormalities of the jaw, lips or
oral cavity may drool, which can impact on health and quality of life. A thorough evaluation of …

Sialorrhoea is a common and problematic symptom that arises from a range of neurological
conditions associated with bulbar or facial muscle dysfunction. Drooling can significantly …