Background Fish classifications, as those of most other taxonomic groups, are being
transformed drastically as new molecular phylogenies provide support for natural groups …

As one of the most sustainable protein sources for humans, aquaculture is the fastest
growing food production sector in agriculture. According to the recent FAO estimate, there …

The lateral-line system has been traditionally recognized as an important source of
phylogenetic information for different groups of fishes. Although extensively studied in …

Neotropical tetras of the family Characidae form the largest and most taxonomically complex
clade within the order Characiformes. Previous phylogenetic relationships concur on the …

The skeleton of Siluriformes is characterized by several autapomorphies, including
secondary absence, extreme modification, and purported fusion of several ossifications …

A revision of the genus Salminus, excluding the large-sized species S. brasiliensis and S.
franciscanus, is presented. In addition to the two large-sized species, four additional …

Abstract Background Species of Danionella rank among the smallest of all vertebrates and
their miniature size is correlated with an extreme case of progenesis, resulting in tiny …

Pacus of the genus Myloplus represent a formidable taxonomic challenge, and particularly
so for the case of M. asterias and M. rubripinnis, two widespread and common species that …

A healthy skeletal system is fundamental to fish welfare and performance and a key
physiological feature of a robust fish. The presence of skeletal deformities in farmed …

Background The facial musculature is a remarkable anatomical complex involved in vital
activities of fishes, such as food capture and gill ventilation. The evolution of the facial …