The world's forests provide valuable contributions to people but continue to be threatened by
agricultural expansion and other land uses. Counterfactual-based methods are increasingly …

Land use is regulated through various mixes of command-and-control interventions that
directly affect land use via land use restrictions, and other public interventions that indirectly …

Executive Summary The Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use1 (AFOLU) sector
encompasses managed ecosystems and offers significant mitigation opportunities while …

Developing countries are increasingly decentralizing forest governance by granting
indigenous groups and other local communities formal legal title to land. However, the …

An important part of conservation practice is the empirical evaluation of program and policy
impacts. Understanding why conservation programs succeed or fail is essential for …

Since the 1980's, decentralized forest management has been promoted as a way to
enhance sustainable forest use and reduce rural poverty. Rural communities manage …

Data gathered through community-based forest monitoring (CBFM) programs may be as
accurate as those gathered by professional scientists, but acquired at a much lower cost and …

Deforestation and degradation are tied to a complex array of socioeconomic and political
factors. Many assume that among the most important of these are the particular bundles of …

We review and confirm the claim that credible evaluations of common conservation
instruments continue to be rare. The limited set of rigorous studies suggests that protected …

To develop effective environmental policies, we must understand the mechanisms through
which the policies affect social and environmental outcomes. Unfortunately, empirical …