Animal camouflage has long been used to illustrate the power of natural selection, and
provides an excellent testbed for investigating the trade‐offs affecting the adaptive value of …

Abstract In 1909, Abbott Thayer suggested that the study of animal coloration lies in the
domain of artists because it deals with optical illusions. He proposed, for example, that prey …

Species often adopt various camouflage strategies to be seamlessly blended into the
surroundings for self-protection. To figure out the concealment, predators have evolved …

Evading detection by predators is crucial for survival. Camouflage is therefore a widespread
adaptation, but despite substantial research effort our understanding of different camouflage …

Background Quantifying the conspicuousness of objects against particular backgrounds is
key to understanding the evolution and adaptive value of animal coloration, and in …

Background matching is the most familiar and widespread camouflage strategy: avoiding
detection by having a similar colour and pattern to the background. Optimizing background …

Animal camouflage is a longstanding example of adaptation. Much research has tested how
camouflage prevents detection and recognition, largely focusing on changes to an animal's …

Camouflage is an important anti-predator strategy for many animals and is traditionally
thought of as being tightly linked to a specific visual background. While much work focuses …

Camouflage is one of the most widespread forms of anti-predator defence and prevents prey
individuals from being detected or correctly recognized by would-be predators. Over the past …

Improved camouflage through ontogenetic colour change confers reduced detection risk in
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