Calcium ions (Ca 2+) impact nearly every aspect of cellular life. This review examines the
principles of Ca 2+ signaling, from changes in protein conformations driven by Ca 2+ to the …

This review describes the family of intrinsically disordered proteins, members of which fail to
form rigid 3-D structures under physiological conditions, either along their entire lengths or …

Proteins can exist in a trinity of structures: the ordered state, the molten globule, and the
random coil. The five following examples suggest that native protein structure can …

Because proteins are central to cellular function, researchers have sought to uncover the
secrets of how these complex macromolecules execute such a fascinating variety of …

The MDM2 oncoprotein is a cellular inhibitor of the p53 tumor suppressor in that it can bind
the transactivation domain of p53 and downregulate its ability to activate transcription. In …

Calmodulin is the best studied and prototypical example of the E–F-hand family of Ca 2+-
sensing proteins. Changes in intracellular Ca 2+ concentration regulate calmodulin in three …

Ca2+ regulation of contraction in vertebrate striated muscle is exerted primarily through
effects on the thin filament, which regulate strong cross-bridge binding to actin. Structural …

The experimental material accumulated in the literature on the conformational behavior of
intrinsically unstructured (natively unfolded) proteins was analyzed. Results of this analysis …

The dominant view of protein structure-function is that an amino acid sequence specifies a
three-dimensional (3-D) structure that is a prerequisite for protein function. In contrast, many …

S100 is a multigenic family of non-ubiquitous Ca2+-modulated proteins of the EF-hand type
expressed in vertebrates exclusively and implicated in intracellular and extracellular …