Since the publication of the seminal work on the histology-based classification of vascular
anomalies by Mulliken and Glowacki in 1982 and the subsequent adoption of an expanded …

There are two vascular networks in mammals that coordinately function as the main supply
and drainage systems of the body. The blood vasculature carries oxygen, nutrients …

Lymphatic malformations are low-flow vascular malformations that arise due to errors in
vascular development. Lymphatic malformations are benign and usually noted at birth or in …

Vascular anomalies present both a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to physicians.
Identification of these lesions is difficult due to their immense phenotypic variability, and …

Lymphatic malformations (LM) are characterized by abnormal formation of lymphatic vessels
and tissue overgrowth. The lymphatic vessels present in LM lesions may become blocked …

Lymphatic abnormalities encompass a wide range of disorders spanning solitary common
cystic lymphatic malformations (LMs) to entities involving multiple organ systems such as …

Objective Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are challenging to manage, particularly those
involving the cervicofacial region and airway. Traditional therapy is sclerotherapy and/or …

Vascular anomalies (VAs) are classified as tumors or malformations depending on their
clinical characteristics, pathological diagnosis, and genomic information. Diagnosis can be …

Importance Vascular anomalies of the head and neck are relatively rare lesions.
Management is challenging because of the high likelihood of involvement of functionally …

Lymphangioma is a common type of congenital vascular disease in children with a broad
spectrum of clinical manifestations. The current classification of lymphangioma by …