The immune system is a very diverse system of the host that evolved during evolution to
cope with various pathogens present in the vicinity of environmental surroundings inhabited …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is one relapsing and lifelong disease that affects millions
of patients worldwide. Increasing evidence has recently highlighted immune-system …

Immunopolymorphism is considered as an important aspect behind the resistance or
susceptibility of the host to an infectious disease. Over the years, researchers have explored …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are powerful molecular regulators by which the immune system
may “sense” the environment and protect the host from pathogens or endogenous threats. In …

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), once considered to be a Western disease,
is increasingly being reported from India and other Asian countries. The present review …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing disease that severely affects
patients' quality of life. The exact cause of IBD is uncertain, but current studies suggest that …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide despite an
aggressive reduction of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Underlying inflammatory …

Mutations in the genes encoding Leucine Rich Repeat (LRR) containing proteins are
associated with over sixty human diseases; these include high myopia, mitochondrial …

Motility is often a pathogenicity determinant of bacteria targeting mucosal tissues. Flagella
constitute the machinery that propels bacteria into appropriate niches. Besides motility, the …

Background Ulcerative colitis is a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease, characterized by
relapsing inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract with limited treatment options. Previous …