Positively charged nanofiltration (NF) membranes offer enormous potential for lithium–
magnesium separation, hard water softening, and heavy metal removal. However …

Positively charged nanofiltration membranes offer significant advantages in separating
positively charged substances. The key to developing high-performance positively charged …

Achieving precise selective separation of monovalent and divalent cations, as well as
anions, is vital yet challenging in practical applications involving complex component …

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) porous membranes are
ideal substrates for preparing thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide (PA) membranes with …

Reducing the membrane surface negative charge density and properly enlarging the pore
size could benefit the selective and efficient separation of divalent cations from monovalent …

It is a vital technical challenge to extract lithium from salt-lake brine which has very high Mg
2+/Li+ mass ratio via green and low-cost methods, as these two cations have quite similar …

Nanofiltration (NF) offers a scalable and energy-efficient method for lithium extraction from
salt lakes. However, the selective separation of lithium from magnesium, particularly in …

The presence of heavy metal ions in wastewater has been identified as a significant
environmental and human health concern. Positively charged hollow fiber (HF) …

Surface modification via secondary interfacial polymerization (IP) is a promising technology
for the enhancement of nanofiltration (NF) membrane performance such as rejection …

Emerging contaminants, including antibiotics, threaten water safety and public health. To
remove these contaminants while retaining beneficial minerals in water, such as calcium …