Toxin–antitoxin systems are widespread in bacterial genomes. They are usually composed
of two elements: a toxin that inhibits an essential cellular process and an antitoxin that …

Secondary metabolites profoundly affect microbial physiology, metabolism and stress
responses. Increasing evidence suggests that these molecules can modulate microbial …

Bacteriophages are ubiquitous viral predators that have primarily been studied using fast-
growing laboratory cultures of their bacterial hosts. However, microbial life in nature is …

The major human bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes multidrug-resistant
infections in people with underlying immunodeficiencies or structural lung diseases such as …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of life-threatening acute infections and life-long
lasting chronic infections. The characteristic biofilm mode of life in P. aeruginosa chronic …

Antibiotic tolerance, or the ability of bacteria to survive antibiotic treatment in the absence of
genetic resistance, has been linked to chronic and recurrent infections. Tolerant cells are …

Bacteria have at their disposal a battery of strategies to withstand antibiotic stress. Among
these, resistance is a well-known mechanism, yet bacteria can also survive antibiotic attack …

The emergence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria underscores the need to
define genetic vulnerabilities that can be therapeutically exploited. The Gram-negative …

The use and misuse of antibiotics have made antibiotic-resistant bacteria widespread
nowadays, constituting one of the most relevant challenges for human health at present …

There is a need to discover and develop non-toxic antibiotics that are effective against
metabolically dormant bacteria, which underlie chronic infections and promote antibiotic …