To achieve carbon-neutrality, efficient gasoline engines with minimal particle number
emissions are being increasingly researched. In this study, the particle emission mechanism …

A single-cylinder full-metal engine with a real combustion chamber geometry was used to
investigate particulate number emissions resulting from transient engine operation. The …

Transient engine operation of direct-injection spark ignition engines can result in high
particulate number emissions. To investigate the causes of soot formation, an engine test rig …

A significant share of the emissions of a vehicle with internal combustion engine originates
from the cold start. In addition to the more stringent limits for particulate emissions due the …

Studies have shown that fuel quality plays an important role in engine-out emissions. The
wide variation in composition and properties of gasoline fuels available in the market can …

This thesis discusses experimental investigations to reduce particle number emissions from
gasoline engines with direct injection. Measures on a single cylinder research engine with …

Gasoline direct injection (GDI) shows advantages compared with port fuel injection (PFI)
regarding efficiency and specific power. Due to stricter regulations for fuel consumption (via …

In a direct-injection (DI) engine, the in-cylinder flow is complex. Fluctuations of DI and in-
cylinder flow, and the relationships between those fluctuations, are considered to affect the …

In this paper, a High-Temperature Electrical Low-Pressure Impactor (HT-ELPI+) was used to
measure particles from a light-duty direct injected spark ignited (DISI) engine fueled with …

Direct optical access to the combustion chamber of a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine
provides extremely valuable information about the combustion process. Experimental …