Abstract The Framingham Heart Study (FHS) was established in 1948 to improve
understanding of the epidemiology of coronary heart disease (CHD) in the USA. In 1961 …

Cardiac hypertrophy can be defined as an increase in heart mass. Pathological cardiac
hypertrophy (heart growth that occurs in settings of disease, eg hypertension) is a key risk …

Although in the past century mortality in West Germany decreased similarly as in other
Western nations, these changes were less pronounced in East Germany. 1, 2 After German …

Hypertension remains a major contributor to the global burden of disease. The
measurement of blood pressure continues to have pitfalls related to both physiological …

Objective: To assess the prognostic significance of left ventricular mass and geometry in
initially healthy persons with essential hypertension. Design: An observational study of a …

Objectives. This study was designed to determine the most appropriate method to normalize
left ventricular mass for body size. Background. Left ventricular mass has been normalized …

BACKGROUND Although structural heart disease is often present in patients with
nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation, the echocardiographic precursors of atrial fibrillation have not …

increase in ratio of angiotensin II AT2 to AT1 receptor subtypes). Some of these switches,
such as the increased expression of the slow myosin ATPase isoform-myosin heavy chain …

Background The medical literature contains conflicting reports on the association of left atrial
(LA) enlargement with risk of stroke. The relation of LA size to risk of stroke and death in the …

Clinical and echocardiographic disease in patients starting end-stage renal disease therapy.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients have a high cardiovascular mortality rate. Precise …