Abstract Space sojourns are challenging for life. The ability of the human body to adapt to
these extreme conditions has been noted since the beginning of human space travel …

The bone is a complex organ that is dependent on a tight regulation between bone
formation by osteoblasts (OBs) and bone resorption by osteoclasts (OCs). These processes …

Both microgravity and radiation exposure in the spaceflight environment have been
identified as hazards to astronaut health and performance. Substantial study has been …

Computational simulations, such as Monte Carlo track structure simulations, offer a powerful
tool for quantitatively investigating radiation interactions within cells. The modelling of the …

The environment of space provides many challenges to the human physiology and therefore
to extended habitation and exploration. Research to define and countermeasures to address …

Space is a high-stress environment. One major risk factor for the astronauts when they leave
the Earth's magnetic field is exposure to ionizing radiation from galactic cosmic rays (GCR) …

The loss of bone mass and alteration in bone physiology during space flight are one of the
major health risks for astronauts. Although the lack of weight bearing in microgravity is …

Numerous technical scenarios have been developed to facilitate a human return to the
Moon, and as a testbed for a subsequent mission to Mars. Crews appointed with …

Introduction. Modern radiation therapy has become an effective method to treat and monitor
tumour growth in cancer patients. It has proved to be a successful way to minimise mortality …

Exposure to high-dose ionizing radiation during medical treatment exerts well-documented
deleterious effects on bone health, reducing bone density and contributing to bone growth …