Levodopa‐induced dyskinesia is a common complication in Parkinson disease. Pathogenic
mechanisms include phasic stimulation of dopamine receptors, nonphysiological levodopa …

Background/objectives Over the last ten years, an increasing number of authors have used
the theta burst stimulation (TBS) protocol to investigate long-term potentiation (LTP) and …

Despite increasing evidence suggesting the cerebellum works in concert with the cortex and
basal ganglia, the nature of the reciprocal interactions between these three brain regions …

Bradykinesia is one of the cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease and other
parkinsonisms. The various clinical aspects related to bradykinesia and the …

Noninvasive brain stimulation has been demonstrated to modulate cortical activity in
humans. In particular, theta burst stimulation (TBS) has gained notable attention due to its …

Background In the past decade research has shown that continuous (cTBS) and intermittent
theta burst stimulation (iTBS) alter neuronal excitability levels in the primary motor cortex …

This review is part of the series on the clinical neurophysiology of movement disorders. It
focuses on Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism. The topics covered include the …

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been used as a treatment of movement disorders such as
Parkinson's disease, dystonia, and essential tremor for over twenty years, and is a promising …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is becoming a major public-health issue in an aging population.
Available approaches to treat advanced PD still have limitations; new therapies are needed …

In animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), mechanisms of cortical plasticity such as long-
term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are impaired. In AD patients, LTP …