The functions of, and interactions between, the innate and adaptive immune systems are
vital for anticancer immunity. Cytotoxic T cells expressing cell-surface CD8 are the most …

Owing to improvements in our understanding of the biological principles of tumour initiation
and progression, a wide variety of novel targeted therapies have been developed …

Background Patients with metastatic melanoma have variable responses to combination
ipilimumab and nivolumab. The objectives of this study were to examine the patterns of …

Background ATTRACTION-2 demonstrated that nivolumab improved overall survival (OS) vs
placebo in patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with≥ 2 chemotherapy regimens …

Classical mathematical models of tumor growth have shaped our understanding of cancer
and have broad practical implications for treatment scheduling and dosage. However, even …

Purpose: Limited long-term data are available on immune checkpoint inhibitor use in
patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We report 3-year …

Germline or somatic loss-of-function mutations of fumarate hydratase (FH) predispose
patients to an aggressive form of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Since other than tumor …

PURPOSE There is a significant unmet need for new and efficacious therapies in urothelial
cancer (UC). To provide recommendations on appropriate clinical trial designs across …

Brain metastases are a challenging manifestation of renal cell carcinoma. We have a limited
understanding of brain metastasis tumor and immune biology, drivers of resistance to …

There are currently seven approved immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the treatment of
various cancers. These drugs are associated with profound, durable responses in a subset …