Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), now considered the most common autoimmune disease, was
described over a century ago as a pronounced lymphoid goiter affecting predominantly …

The last 10 years have seen some progress in understanding the etiology of autoimmune
thyroid disease (AITD). The female preponderance can now be explained–at least in part …

Autoimmune diseases represent a family of at least 80 illnesses that share a common
pathogenesis: an immune-mediated attack on the body's own organs. Collectively …

Background: Thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) antibodies that stimulate the thyroid (TSAb) cause
Graves' hyperthyroidism and TSHR antibodies which block thyrotropin action (TBAb) are …

Detecting autoantibodies provides foundational information for the diagnosis of most
autoimmune diseases. An important pathophysiological distinction is whether …

Xerostomia is a common complaint of nearly half of the elderly population and about one‑
fifth of younger adults. It causes several signs and symptoms, and compromise oral functions …

The etiology of autoimmune diseases is due to a combination of genetic predisposition and
environmental factors that alter the expression of immune regulatory genes through various …

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is now considered the most prevalent autoimmune disease, as well
as the most common endocrine disorder. It was initially described in 1912, but only rarely …

Many endocrine diseases, including type 1 diabetes mellitus, Graves disease, Addison
disease and Hashimoto disease, originate as an autoimmune reaction that affects disease …

INTRODUCTION: Hypothyroidism has long been known for its effects on different organ
systems, leading to hypometabolism. However, subclinical hypothyroidism, its most …