SUMMARY In his 2001 article,“Translation: in retrospect and prospect,” the late Carl Woese
made a prescient observation that there was a need for the then-current view of translation …

Enzyme design faces challenges related to the implementation of the basic principles that
govern the catalytic activity in natural enzymes. In this work, we revisit basic electrostatic …

The formation of an amide bond is an essential step in the synthesis of materials and drugs,
and in the assembly of amino acids to form peptides. The mechanism of this reaction has …

Here we report a computational method to improve efficiency of a de novo designed Kemp
eliminase enzyme KE15, by identifying mutations that enhance electric fields and chemical …

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2,
SARS-CoV-2, shows the need for effective antiviral treatments. Here, we present a …

The mechanism of the amide bond formation between nonactivated carboxylic acids and
amines catalyzed by the surface of amorphous silica under dry conditions is elucidated by …

HIV-1 Protease (HIV-1 PR) is one of the three enzymes essential for the replication process
of HIV-1 virus, which explains why it has been the main target for design of drugs against …

The Escherichia coli (E. coli) ribosome can incorporate a variety of non-l-α-amino acid
monomers into polypeptide chains in vitro but with poor efficiency. Although these …

Metal-assisted hydrolysis of peptide bond is a promising alternative for enzymatic cleavage
of proteins with prospective applications in biochemistry and bioengineering. Many metal …

Colloid-based materials with tunable biophysical and chemical properties have
demonstrated significant potential in a wide range of biomedical applications. The ability to …