Identification of the thyroid transcription factors (TTFs), NKX2-1, FOXE1, PAX8 and HHEX,
has considerably advanced our understanding of thyroid development, congenital thyroid …

Pax genes play key roles in the formation of tissues and organs during embryogenesis.
Pax3 and Pax7 mark myogenic progenitor cells and regulate their behavior and their entry …

Thyroid hormones (THs), including T4 and T3, are produced and released by the thyroid
gland under the stimulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The homeostasis of THs is …

Congenital hypothyroidism is mainly due to structural defects of the thyroid gland,
collectively known as thyroid dysgenesis. The two most prevalent forms of this condition are …

Significance: Among the NADPH oxidases, the dual oxidases, DUOX1 and DUOX2,
constitute a distinct subfamily initially called thyroid oxidases, based on their high level of …

In vertebrates the portion of the thyroid gland synthesizing the thyroid hormones develops
from a small group of endodermal cells in the foregut. The nature of the signals that lead to …

Background FoxE1 is a thyroid-specific forkhead transcription factor essential for thyroid
gland development, as well as for the maintenance of the thyroid differentiated state in …

Normal processes of embryonic development and abnormal transformation to cancer have
many parallels, and in fact many aberrant cancer cell capabilities are embryonic traits …

Pax8 and TTF-1 are transcription factors involved in the morphogenesis of the thyroid gland
and in the transcriptional regulation of thyroid-specific genes. Both proteins are expressed in …

Thyroid gland diseases remain clinical challenges due to the lack of reliable in vitro models
to examine molecular pathways of thyrocytes development, maturation, and functional …