Modern cities dynamically face several challenges including digitalization, sustainability,
resilience and economic development. Urban planners and designers must develop urban …

Remote sensing, or Earth Observation (EO), is increasingly used to understand Earth system
dynamics and create continuous and categorical maps of biophysical properties and land …

Abstract Machine learning methods, specifically, convolutional neural networks (CNNs),
have emerged as an integral part of scientific research in many disciplines. However, these …

Coastal flood hazard and exposure are expected to increase over the course of the 21st
century, leading to increased coastal flood risk. In order to limit the increase in future risk, or …

Elevation datasets (eg point clouds) are an essential but often unavailable ingredient for the
construction of 3D city models. We investigate in this paper to what extent can 3D city …

Context Landscape metrics represent powerful tools for quantifying landscape structure, but
uncertainties persist around their interpretation. Urban settings add unique considerations …

In the computational fluid dynamics simulation workflow, the geometry preparation step is
often regarded as a tedious, time-consuming task. Many practitioners consider it one of the …

Urban settlements and urbanised populations continue to grow rapidly and much of this
transition is occurring in less developed countries. Remote sensing techniques are now …

Building function type is an important parameter for urban planning and disaster
management. However, existing identification methods do not always correctly recognize all …

Accurately understanding the functions of buildings is crucial for urban monitoring, analysis
of urban economic structures, and effectively allocating resources. Previous studies have …