Despite many learned publications over recent decades, the assessment of active thyroid‐
associated orbitopathy (TAO) remains difficult and controversial. There are no biochemical …

Thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) is an autoimmune condition of the orbit which is
closely associated with Graves' hyperthyroidism, although either condition may exist without …

The authors have reviewed the clinical presentation, visual fields, color vision testing, visual-
evoked potentials, and computed tomographic (CT) findings of 58 patients (95 eyes) with …

purpose. Fibroblast diversity represents an emerging concept critical to our understanding of
tissue inflammation, repair, and remodeling. Orbital fibroblasts heterogeneously display Thy …

Background: Studies of extraocular muscle (EOM) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
need to be extended to normal subjects of different ages to obtain data on the muscle …

Thyroid-associated orbitopathy varies widely in its pattern of presentation. Generalizations
about this disease are not particularly useful when treatment plans are developed for an …

The eye findings of Graves' ophthalmopathy were prospectively recorded in 90 consecutive
untreated patients (66 females, 24 males; mean age 44.5 years) according to the 1977 …

Настоящее издание-дополненная и существенно переработанная версия клинических
рекомендаций, опубликованных в предыдущие годы, содержит информацию о …

Although the diagnosis of Graves' orbitopathy is primarily made clinically based on
laboratory tests indicative of thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity, imaging studies, such as …

Purpose To determine the utility of CT imaging in identifying patients with dysthyroid optic
neuropathy. Methods Orbital CT scans of 12 randomly selected patients with dysthyroid optic …