Objectives To update the evidence for associations between antibiotic classes and hospital-
acquired Clostridium difficile infection (HA-CDI). Methods Electronic databases of journal …

Antibacterial fluoroquinolones (FQs) are frequently used in treating infections. However, the
value of FQs is debatable due to their association with severe adverse effects (AEs). The …

OBJECTIVES: Several studies have raised concern regarding the possible association
between proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) andClostridium difficileinfection (CDI). We aimed to …

The epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has changed dramatically during
this millennium. Infection rates have increased markedly in most countries with detailed …

Background In March 2003, several hospitals in Quebec, Canada, noted a marked increase
in the incidence of Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhea. Methods In 2004 we conducted …

In the last three decades, Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has increased in incidence and
severity in many countries worldwide. The increase in CDI incidence has been particularly …

Background. Since 2002, an epidemic of Clostridium difficile–associated-diarrhea (CDAD)
associated with a high case-fatality rate has involved> 30 hospitals in the province of …

Antimicrobial therapy plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Clostridium difficile infection
(CDI), presumably through disruption of indigenous intestinal microflora, thereby allowing C …

Clostridium difficile is the most frequent cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
The incidence of C. difficile infection (CDI) has been rising worldwide with subsequent …

US hospital discharges for which Clostridium difficile–associated disease (CDAD) was listed
as any diagnosis doubled from 82,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 71,000–94,000) or …