We propose to identify the main sources of ionization of the plasma in the coma of comet
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko at different locations in the coma and to quantify their relative …

The environment of a comet is a fascinating and unique laboratory to study plasma
processes and the formation of structures such as shocks and discontinuities from electron …

Context. Strong electron cooling on the neutral gas in cometary comae has been predicted
for a long time, but actual measurements of low electron temperature are scarce. Aims. Our …

The recently developed concept of" entropic defect" is important for understanding the
foundations of thermodynamics in space plasma physics, and more generally for systems …

Rosetta has followed comet 67P from low activity at more than 3.6 au heliocentric distance to
high activity at perihelion (1.24 au) and then out again. We provide a general overview of the …

This paper develops explicit and consistent definitions of the independent thermodynamic
properties of temperature and the kappa index within the framework of nonextensive …

Analyses of 15,314 electron velocity distribution functions (VDFs) within±2 hr of 52
interplanetary (IP) shocks observed by the Wind spacecraft near 1 au are introduced. The …

We use observations from the Ion and Electron Sensor (IES) on board the Rosetta
spacecraft to study the relationship between the cometary suprathermal electrons and the …

Context. The ESA/Rosetta mission made it possible to monitor the plasma environment of a
comet, from near aphelion to perihelion conditions. To understand the complex dynamics …

Using a 3D fully kinetic approach, we disentangle and explain the ion and electron
dynamics of the solar wind interaction with a weakly outgassing comet. We show that, to first …