During the intrauterine period a testosterone surge masculinizes the fetal brain, whereas the
absence of such a surge results in a feminine brain. As sexual differentiation of the brain …

The stress response is mediated by the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) system.
Activity of the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the hypothalamic …

Parkinson's disease seems to occur more commonly in men than women based primarily on
studies of death rates and prevalence. In recent years, several population based incidence …

One of the theories involved in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the oxidative
stress hypothesis. The amyloid β-peptide (Aβ), a hallmark in the pathogenesis of AD and the …

We reviewed epidemiological and experimental studies of female gonadal hormone
replacement therapy (HRT) on cognitive function in post-menopausal women and carried …

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of mental disability. Based on the
homology of Hsa21 and the murine chromosomes Mmu16, Mmu17 and Mmu10, several …

The main estrogens: estradiol, estrone, and their acyl-esters have been studied essentially
related to their classical estrogenic and pharmacologic functions. However, their main effect …

Objective: To characterize the cognitive and neuroendocrine response to treatment with a
high dose of estrogen for postmenopausal women with AD. Methods: Twenty …

β-Amyloid protein (Aβ), a major component of senile plaques of Alzheimer's disease (AD)
brain, causes elevation of the intracellular free Ca2+ level and the production of robust free …

This review is focused on the structure and function of Alzheimer's amyloid deposits.
Amyloid formation is a process in which normal well-folded cellular proteins undergo a self …